Abstract Detail

Systematics

LI, JIANHUA [1], Murray, Greg [2], Brown, Ken [2], Li, Chunqi [3], Zhu, Junyi [4].

Bocconia and Macleaya (Papaveraceae): Systematic Relationships, Invasive History, and Chemical Profiles.

Plume poppy (Bocconia) is a plant genus with 10 species in Central and South America. As in many other species of the poppy family, the group contains various alkaloids that are important chemicals in traditional herbal medicine. A close relative of Bocconia is Macleaya from eastern Asia with two species. In comparison with other intercontinental disjunct distributions, the C & S American and eastern Asian disjunction is rare. Thus, the Macleaya-Bocconia pair provides a model system to test hypotheses about the formation of the disjunct distribution. Species of Bocconia occur in open habitats and can be potentially invasive when introduced to areas with similar environments. Indeed, Bocconia frutescens has been listed as a noxious weed in Hawaii and Maui. Macleaya also produces various alkaloids with antibacterial and antifungal capacities, and has long been utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine. In this study we focus on three questions: 1) are species of Bocconia more closely related to other species of Bocconia than to either of the two species of Macleaya? 2) where in the Americas is the source of Bocconia frutescens on the islands of Hawaii and Maui? 3) are there differences in the diversity of alkaloids between Bocconia and Macleaya, and between populations of B. frutescens in the Americas and the Islands of Maui and Hawaii? We explored these questions with data on morphology, nuclear and plastid DNA regions, and phytochemistry. Our results support the monophyly of both Bocconia and Macleaya, and further suggest that South American lineages of Bocconia may have originated from a single dispersal event from Central America. Hawaiian populations of B. frutescens seem to have originated in Central America or the Caribbean. Our analysis also suggests that there might be additional species ofBocconia in Central America. The morphological innovations of Bocconiaspecies with thickened pistil margins and brightly colored seed aril may have enhanced bird dispersal of seeds and diversification in various habitats as evidenced by diverse growth habit (e.g., woody and herbaceous) and leaf morphology (lanceolate or broadly ovate, unlobed with or without teeth, shallow or deeply lobed with or without teeth). This study lays a foundation for predictive taxonomy ofBocconiaand medicinal usages of both genera. We thank Li Jiamei, Li Pan, Ren Yi, Corey Barnes, and Charles Chimera for help and acknowledge support from a HHMI grant to Hope College.

1 - Hope College, ARNOLD ARBORETUM, 35 E 12th Street, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
2 - Hope College, 35 E 12th St, Holland, Michigan, 49423, United States
3 - Henan Agricultural University, Zhenzhou, HN, China
4 - Tonghua Normal University, Biology, Tonghua, JL, China

Keywords:
Central and South Americas
eastern Asia
Bocconia
Macleaya
Biogeography
phylogeny.

Presentation Type: Oral Paper
Session: 45, Monocots part B/Basal Eudicots
Location: 200/Savannah International Trade and Convention Center
Date: Wednesday, August 3rd, 2016
Time: 4:45 PM
Number: 45013
Abstract ID:196
Candidate for Awards:None