Abstract Detail

Systematics

Freudenstein, John V. [1], Yukawa, Tomohisa [2].

Analysis of relationships among Calypsoinae (Orchidaceae), a small group with diverse floral and trophic strategies.

Calypsoinae are a small, largely temperate subtribe that are diverse with respect to trophic strategy (with an unusual winter leaf and several leafless species) and pollinium stalk morphology. We analyzed ITS and matK sequences from all accepted genera using maximum likelihood and parsimony on individual and combined data sets. The only supported disagreement among trees was between the combined ML and parsimony analyses for the placement of Dactylostalix and Ephippianthus; one analysis reflected the nuclear pattern, while the other resembled the plastid pattern. Overall, a group of genera related to Calypso, and one related to Corallorhiza, were resolved. The recently proposed Yunorchis is shown to be a species of Yoania. Examining leaf morphology on the tree revealed two originations of the winter leaf morphology and four losses of leaves (and shifts to mycoheterotrophy). Pollinium stalks evolved along three axes, two of which resulted in epidermally-derived stalks (tegulae) and one of which comprised the entire rostellum (a hamulus). Biogeographic analysis suggests a New World origin for the subtribe, with two major shifts to the Old World and one shift back to the New World.

1 - Ohio State University Herbarium, Dept. of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
2 - National Museum Of Nature And Science, Department Of Botany, 1-1, Amakubo 4, Tsukuba, N/A, 305-0005, Japan

Keywords:
Orchidaceae
mycoheterotrophy
Biogeography.

Presentation Type: Oral Paper
Session: 20, Basal Dicots/Monocots part A (Asparagales)
Location: 200/Savannah International Trade and Convention Center
Date: Tuesday, August 2nd, 2016
Time: 9:00 AM
Number: 20005
Abstract ID:662
Candidate for Awards:None